Kisah Para Rasul 22:1

Paul’s Defense

22:1 “Brothers and fathers, listen to my defense ¹  that I now ²  make to you.”

Kisah Para Rasul 24:10

Paul’s Defense Before Felix

24:10 When the governor gestured for him to speak, Paul replied, “Because I know ³  that you have been a judge over this nation for many years, I confidently make my defense. ⁴ 

Kisah Para Rasul 25:8

25:8 Paul said in his defense, ⁵  “I have committed no offense ⁶  against the Jewish law ⁷  or against the temple or against Caesar.” ⁸ 

Kisah Para Rasul 25:16

25:16 I answered them ⁹  that it was not the custom of the Romans to hand over anyone ¹⁰  before the accused had met his accusers face to face ¹¹  and had been given ¹²  an opportunity to make a defense against the accusation. ¹³ 

Kisah Para Rasul 26:1-2

Paul Offers His Defense

26:1 So Agrippa ¹⁴  said to Paul, “You have permission ¹⁵  to speak for yourself.” Then Paul held out his hand ¹⁶  and began his defense: ¹⁷ 

26:2 “Regarding all the things I have been accused of by the Jews, King Agrippa, ¹⁸  I consider myself fortunate that I am about to make my defense before you today,

Kisah Para Rasul 26:24

26:24 As Paul ¹⁹  was saying these things in his defense, Festus ²⁰  exclaimed loudly, “You have lost your mind, ²¹  Paul! Your great learning is driving you insane!”

[22:1]  ¹ sn Listen to my defense. This is the first of several speeches Paul would make in his own defense: Acts 24:10ff.; 25:8, 16; and 26:1ff. For the use of such a speech (“apologia”) in Greek, see Josephus, Ag. Ap. 2.15 [2.147]; Wis 6:10.

[22:1]  ² tn The adverb νυνί (nuni, “now”) is connected with the phrase τῆς πρὸς ὑμᾶς νυνὶ ἀπολογίας (th" pro" Juma" nuni apologia") rather than the verb ἀκούσατε (akousate), and the entire construction (prepositional phrase plus adverb) is in first attributive position and thus translated into English by a relative clause.

[24:10]  ³ tn Grk “knowing.” The participle ἐπιστάμενος (epistamenos) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.

[24:10]  ⁴ sn “Because…defense.” Paul also paid an indirect compliment to the governor, implying that he would be fair in his judgment.

[25:8]  ⁵ tn Grk “Paul saying in his defense”; the participle ἀπολογουμένου (apologoumenou) could be taken temporally (“when Paul said…”), but due to the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the participle was translated as a finite verb and a new sentence begun here in the translation. BDAG 116-17 s.v. ἀπολογέομαι has “W. ὅτι foll. τοῦ Παύλου ἀπολογουμένου, ὅτι when Paul said in his defense (direct quot. foll.) Ac 25:8.”

[25:8]  ⁶ tn Grk “I have sinned…in nothing.”

[25:8]  ⁷ tn Grk “against the law of the Jews.” Here τῶν ᾿Ιουδαίων has been translated as an attributive genitive.

[25:8]  sn The Jewish law refers to the law of Moses.

[25:8]  ⁸ tn Or “against the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).

[25:8]  sn Paul’s threefold claim to be innocent with respect to the law…the temple and Caesar argues that he has not disturbed the peace at any level. This was the standard charge made against early Christians (Luke 23:2; Acts 17:6-7). The charges here are emphatically denied, with the Greek conjunction oute repeated before each charge.

[25:16]  ⁹ tn Grk “to whom I answered.” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, the relative pronoun (“whom”) has been replaced with a personal pronoun (“them”) and a new sentence started in the translation at the beginning of v. 16.

[25:16]  sn “I answered them.” In the answer that follows, Festus is portrayed in a more positive light, being sensitive to justice and Roman law.

[25:16]  ¹⁰ tn Grk “any man.” This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anqrwpos).

[25:16]  ¹¹ tn Or “has met his accusers in person.”

[25:16]  ¹² tn Grk “and receives.”

[25:16]  ¹³ tn Or “indictment” (a legal technical term). BDAG 273-74 s.v. ἔγκλημα 1 states, “legal t.t.…ἀπολογία περὶ τοῦ ἐ. defense against the accusation Ac 25:16.” L&N 56.6 defines ἔγκλημα (enklhma) as “(a technical, legal term) a formal indictment or accusation brought against someone – ‘indictment, accusation, case.’ …‘and might receive an opportunity for a defense against the indictment’ Ac 25:16.”

[26:1]  ¹⁴ sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.

[26:1]  ¹⁵ tn Grk “It is permitted for you.”

[26:1]  ¹⁶ tn Or “extended his hand” (a speaker’s gesture).

[26:1]  ¹⁷ tn Or “and began to speak in his own defense.”

[26:2]  ¹⁸ sn See the note on King Agrippa in 25:13.

[26:24]  ¹⁹ tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.

[26:24]  ²⁰ sn See the note on Porcius Festus in 24:27.

[26:24]  ²¹ tn On the term translated “lost your mind” see BDAG 610 s.v. μαίνομαι, which has “you’re out of your mind, you’re raving, said to one whose enthusiasm seems to have outrun better judgment 26:24.”

[26:24]  sn The expression “You have lost your mind” would be said to someone who speaks incredible things, in the opinion of the hearer. Paul’s mention of the resurrection (v. 23) was probably what prompted Festus to say this.